Getting Started with MultiArch (armel / armhf) in Ubuntu

Until now, I used xapt and dpkg-cross to install cross libraries for armel, but since I’ve upgraded to Ubuntu 12.04, it appears to be broken. I’ve contacted Linaro about this issue, and the “cross-building” expert at Linaro (wookey) recommended me to use multiarch instead, as xapt/dpkg-cross will be eventually deprecated.

He provided me an example showing how-to use multiarch to build Chromium. I’ve been looking for a “How-to multiarch”, but haven’t been able to find something really clear and simple, so I thought I would post it here.

In the example, they used a chroot for cross-building, which is probably a good idea to avoid messing up with the system. It’s also possible multiarch is not 100% reliable, and I’ve read stories where people messed up their system when using multiarch with i386 (32-bit) and amd64 (64-bit).

Preparing a chroot for cross-building

I’ll use a 32-bit Ubuntu precise chroot, but you can use an older distribution (e.g. oneric) and 64-bit if needed:


Setup the /etc/apt/sources.list:


The file above is setup for armel, but you could also set it up for armhf or both [arch=armel,armhf].

Some packages might not be in precise, so it’s better to create /etc/apt/sources.list.d/linaro-maintainers.list to add Linaro ppas:


Import the public key of the Overlay, to avoid the GPG error while accessing the PPA:


dpkg --add-architecture is not available in the dpkg available in Ubuntu 12.04, so you’ll need to enable multiarch for dpkg manually in /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/multiarch:


Create /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10local to disable installing recommended and suggested packages:


Create /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d file to prevent daemons to start in the chroot:


Install linaro arm cross-toolchain and essentials:

Installing armel packages

Now that your chroot is ready, it’s pretty simple to install armel packages as you just need to append the architecture after the package name, for example:


The libraries are installed in /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabi/ and the header files are shared among all architectures in /usr/include, except for armel specific bits which are in /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabi. If you use armhf instead the libraries will be located in /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/.

If you are building your own software, you can just install the dependencies you need and set the CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS and LDFLAGS to the paths above.

Building known packages

Another great feature of multiarch is that you can build known packages with dpkg-buildpackage. When everything works perfectly, you’ll just need to run something like:


In the example above, once you’ve configured apt for multiarch, you just need to type 4 commands to retrieve the source and build the chromium-browser for ARM.

I’ve already used this method when building the Linux ARM kernel on Ubuntu 12.04.

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18 Comments
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Nikolay Nikolaev
Nikolay Nikolaev
11 years ago

That’s very useful, thanks for sharing the information.

I use schroot for these things. It integrates perfectly in the environment (automatically mounts what’s needed – dev, proc etc.).
Here’s an excerpt from my /etc/schroot/schroot.conf that shows 32bit chroot on my 64 bit box

[precise32]
description=Precise Pangolin 32
directory=/chroots/precise32
type=directory
users=
root-groups=root
personality=linux32

Then as a regular user:
schroot -c precise32

Nikolay Nikolaev
Nikolay Nikolaev
11 years ago

@ cnxsoft
And this is the ‘Precise” manpage (you gave the ‘Hardy’ one):

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man1/schroot.1.html

cheers

Markus
Markus
11 years ago

Small nits in the description:

**
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu price main universe
->
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe

**
apt-get update apt-get install g++-arm-linux-gnueabi build-essential
->
apt-get update
apt-get install g++-arm-linux-gnueabi build-essential

Aline
Aline
10 years ago

Hello

can i install some packages for arm like broser chromium and libxml2 and after can i transfer this to the arm machine ???

thank you

Aline
Aline
10 years ago

i dont have a command apt-get to install in my machine ARM what is the solution ??

Aline
Aline
10 years ago

Hello,

when i execute apt-get build-dep -a armel chromium-browser

i get an error didnt find chromium-browser package

Reading state information… Done
E: Unable to find a source package for chromium-brwoser

Aline
Aline
10 years ago

My Problem is i need to compile and install the chromium-browser for arm architecture .
when i run apt-get install chromium-browser:armel i dont have any output to make in the target arm
if you have idea about haw can i run apt-get install chromium-browser:arme and befor haw i can make the chromium-browser in my target arm

Byung Jang
Byung Jang
10 years ago

There is a typo in “deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu price main universe”. “price” should be “precise”, I think.

aravind
aravind
10 years ago

Hi , when i’m try install armel packages using apt-get install libjpeg-dev:armel libpng12-dev:armel its throwing following error, Can any one suggest me how to resolve those errors Reading package lists… Done Building dependency tree Reading state information… Done Note, selecting ‘libjpeg-turbo8-dev:armel’ instead of ‘libjpeg-dev:armel’ Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: libjpeg-turbo8-dev:armel :… Read more »

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