Zyxel NSA310 / NSA320 Hackable Network Access Storages Run Debian Linux

Yesterday, we saw how to make a NAS enclosure for the Cubieboard, but DesertF0x commented “Better take a NSA-310 or NSA-320. It is easy to install Debian and it has Gigabit!”, and I decided to have a look. The 2 devices appear to have been released at the end of 2011, and are powered by a Marvell ARMv5 compatible processor. Many NAS are expensive kits, but NSA310 (1 bay) is currently available for $88.50 and NSA320 (2 bays) for $95.34 on Amazon, which is just a little cheaper than the DIY Cubieboard NAS solution (~100 USD). Price looks attractive, now let’s have a look at some technical details, and instructions to install Debian.

Zyxel NSA310 (Left) and NSA320 (Right)
Zyxel NSA310 (Left) and NSA320 (Right)

Both NAS more or less share the same hardware specifications except for a few details:

  • Processor – Marvell Kirkwood 88f6281 ARMV5-TE compliant processor @ 1.2 GHz (Hardware datasheet)
  • System Memory – 256 MB (NAS310) or 512 MB (NAS320) DDR2 memory
  • Internal Flash – 128 MB NAND Flash
  • Hard drive interface – 1x or 2x 3.5″ SATA I/II hard disk interface supported
  • Ethernet – 1x 10/100/1000 Ethernet RJ-45 connector
  • USB – 2x or 3x USB 2.0 ports
  • One eSATA port (NSA310 only)
  • Buttons – Power button,Copy/Sync button and Reset button
  • Power consumption
    • NSA310 – Access mode: 16.3 watt / Wake-on-LAN mode: 0.24 watt
    • NSA320 – Access mode: 32.2 watt / Hard disk hibernation mode: 10 watt
  • Power
    • NSA310 – Input: 100 ~ 240 V AC,50/60Hz / Output: 12V DC; 2.5A
    • NSA320 – Input: 100 ~ 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz / Output: 19 V DC; 3.42 A
  • Dimensions – NSA310: 58 x 196 x 130 mm | NSA320: 108 x 205 x 147 mm
  • Weight – NSA310: 662 g | NSA320: 1,060g

Both NAS come with a power adapter, an Ethernet cable, a quick start guide, a support CD and a warranty card. NSA310 includes a stand. So specifications are much lower than Cubieboard with a processor equivalent to ARM9, less RAM and internal storage. However, they come with Gigabit Ethernet, and both devices support 2 hard drives and RAID 0/1 and JBOD. If you want to know details about NSA310 board, check pictures and see how the serial port is connected, check out that post.

TTL Debug Board Connected to NSA310
TTL Debug Board Connected to NSA310

The stock firmware supports several network protocol (CIFS/SMB, NFS, DHCP client, PPPoE), comes with several applications including a personal cloud (with Polkast support), a media server (DLNA 1.5, UPNP, iTunes..) and web servers (FTP, HTTP, RSS client and server), as well as lots of other features.

But if you want to have full control over your device instructions to install Debian Wheezy are detailed on a NAS Central forum post. That’s quite long so I won’t reproduce those here. There are however some known issues listed on github:

  • Samba crashes whole system
  • Ethernet leds don’t work @ 1gbit
  • All mtd blocks read as bad. The chip is somehow not supported by kernel.

The most critical may be SAMBA support crashing, but according to reports on NAS central forums, it may happen to all users, and this issue may have already been fixed (TBC).

NAS310 is part of mainline Linux (kirkwood-nsa310.dts), and at least in theory, you should be able to install the latest Linux kernel on NSA310, although I’m not quite sure of the port status.

If you want to go ahead, and give it a try, following the instructions to install Debian in NSA310 in the 25 minutes video below may help.

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10 Comments
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mftvrocks
10 years ago

looks good

onebir
onebir
10 years ago

“SAMBA crashes whole system” sounds like major problem for a NAS…

FransM
FransM
10 years ago

Note that this is armv5. You still can install debian on it, but neither Ubuntu nor fedora do support v5 any more, so if you want to hack it and put something like that on top of it, forget about this. (also note that v7 is performance wise also better). I’d prefer the cubieboard….

Johny007
Johny007
10 years ago

I use this NAS with Debian for good two years. Samba is running just fine, mainline kernel is supported although you have append dtb or something, I don’t rememember anymore. The NSA310 board already has serial interface pins, so no problem with setting up U-boot. I personally didn’t touch the flash memory, since it’s more safe for warranty purpouse and also very small. I boot from flash drive and before that I used the hardrive for data and system, now just the data. When it come to CPU, if you want to use just as storage server, you dont have… Read more »

rektide
10 years ago

I’m a huge Kirkwood fan purely because it’s been in commercially available gear for a while. Couple notes to make on this- Debian on 128MB is pretty rough to pull off, even using aggressive file compression (say, gzip on ubifs). You pretty much need to drop to Emdebian at that point. At 256MB you’ll have room to breath, and there are units with 256MB flash avail. Author appears to be using a heavily patched kernel- I suspect to remove the FDT to make it compatible with the stock old u-boot. Just a guess, pretty popular option though. Upstream ought work… Read more »

GisErre
GisErre
10 years ago

NSA320 is supported by ArchLinux http://archlinuxarm.org/platforms/armv5/zyxel-nsa320
I use it as a tvheadend server (and upnp, nfs, ssh tunnel, etc… server) with dvb-t stick and the stock u-boot.
No need soldering, there is a pin header for the serial consol (TTL level).
I got it for 65€
You can use FFP (a chroot env) with the stock firmware http://zyxel.nas-central.org/wiki/FFP-stick but I didn’t try

Eas
Eas
10 years ago

@FransM
I can get more than 100Mbps in and out of my NSA320 running debian over the network. Throughput seems to be CPU or disk bound, but the cubieboard is network-bound at an even lower rate.

So, to say the cubieboard performs better isn’t accurate.

seba
seba
8 years ago

i like to upgrade of my nsa320 from 512 to 1 giga ram
it is possible ?
my nas work very well and i d’t want change device, just need mor ram on it
from now i have debian width samba proftpd apache mysql postfix dovecot clamav spamassasin
this device work very fast and not crash width all i have
freee ram 50 MB swap is used (150MB) and i d’t like this

maiby someoane know some tricks ??? (sory my english)

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